Propranolol alternatives in the UK

Related medicines a clinician may consider during the MR-capsule shortage

Source data checked 28 May 2026, 17:17 UTC
⚠️ This page is information, not medical advice. Do not start, stop or switch any medicine on your own. Only a prescriber can choose a related medicine, and switching from a once-daily MR capsule to immediate-release tablets changes how often you take it.
As of 28 May 2026, propranolol 80mg and 160mg modified-release (MR) capsules are out of stock until around July 2026 under DHSC notification MSN/2025/059. Crucially, immediate-release propranolol 40mg and 80mg tablets remain available and can support an increase in demand — so for most people the first "alternative" your prescriber will consider is simply the same drug in a different form. If propranolol itself cannot be used, a clinician may consider another beta-blocker; the right choice depends on whether propranolol was prescribed for blood pressure, anxiety, migraine, tremor or an overactive thyroid.

The first alternative is usually propranolol itself

This shortage only affects the modified-release capsules. The same drug in immediate-release tablet form is available across the UK. According to NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service guidance, prescribers should review patients on the MR capsules and consider switching to immediate-release tablets in divided doses rather than stopping or substituting the drug entirely (NHS SPS).

Same drug, different form

Propranolol immediate-release tablets (40mg, 80mg)

The most likely route during this shortage. Same medicine, taken two or three times a day instead of once. The DHSC notification confirms this form remains available and can support an increase in demand. Dose timing matters — only your prescriber should make this change.

Same drug, different form

Propranolol oral solution

Available but, per DHSC, cannot support a large increase in demand. Sometimes used for people who struggle to swallow tablets. Your pharmacist will know whether it is a realistic option for you locally.

Other beta-blockers — same drug class

According to the BNF, propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker — it blocks both beta-1 (heart) and beta-2 (lungs, blood vessels, brain) receptors. That non-selectivity is precisely why it works for non-cardiac uses like anxiety symptoms, essential tremor and migraine prevention. The other beta-blockers listed below are cardio-selective (mainly act on the heart), so they are useful substitutes for cardiac indications but are not direct replacements for the non-cardiac uses.

Cardio-selective beta-blocker

Bisoprolol

Once-daily beta-blocker mainly used for high blood pressure, angina, irregular heart rhythms and chronic heart failure. NICE NG106 places bisoprolol as a first-line beta-blocker in heart failure. Generally less suitable than propranolol for anxiety symptoms or migraine prevention.

Cardio-selective beta-blocker

Atenolol

Long-established beta-blocker used for hypertension, angina and some arrhythmias. Usually taken once daily. Like bisoprolol, it is cardio-selective so generally not chosen for the non-cardiac uses of propranolol.

Cardio-selective beta-blocker

Metoprolol

Available as immediate-release and modified-release forms. Used for hypertension, angina and arrhythmias; modified-release metoprolol has an evidence base in heart failure.

Non-selective beta-blocker

Nadolol

Like propranolol, non-selective. Long half-life makes it suitable for once-daily dosing. Less commonly prescribed in the UK than propranolol but still listed in the BNF.

Non-selective beta-blocker (vasodilating)

Carvedilol

Non-selective beta-blocker with additional alpha-blocking action. Used in chronic heart failure and hypertension. Specialist-initiated for heart failure.

It depends on why propranolol was prescribed

Propranolol is used for very different conditions. The shortlist of related medicines is different for each.

High blood pressure or angina

NICE NG136 places ACE inhibitors, ARBs and calcium-channel blockers (not beta-blockers) as first-line for most adults with hypertension. If a beta-blocker is needed, bisoprolol, atenolol or metoprolol are the more common UK choices today; propranolol is rarely first-line for blood pressure alone.

Irregular heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation, SVT)

A clinician may consider bisoprolol, atenolol or another rate-controlling medicine such as diltiazem or verapamil — the choice depends on the specific arrhythmia and other heart conditions.

Physical symptoms of anxiety

Propranolol is often used short-term for the physical symptoms of anxiety (rapid heart rate, tremor, shaking). If propranolol cannot be used, a non-medicine option such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the long-term NHS recommendation. For acute physical symptoms a clinician sometimes considers another beta-blocker, but the cardio-selective ones (bisoprolol, atenolol) cross into the brain less and may be less effective for this use.

Migraine prevention

NICE CG150 recommends propranolol or topiramate as first-line migraine preventers in adults. If propranolol cannot be used, related options a clinician may discuss include:

Essential tremor

Beyond propranolol, a clinician may consider primidone or gabapentin — these are specialist-initiated and decided case by case.

Overactive thyroid (symptom control)

Propranolol is used to control the heart-racing and tremor of an overactive thyroid while the thyroid itself is treated. If propranolol cannot be used, a clinician may use another beta-blocker (atenolol, bisoprolol) for the symptoms; the thyroid treatment itself (carbimazole, propylthiouracil, radioiodine) does not change.

Critical safety points before any change

Do not stop propranolol suddenly. Stopping a beta-blocker abruptly can cause your heart rate, blood pressure and (in angina) chest-pain risk to rebound. Even moving from the MR capsule to immediate-release tablets is a prescriber-only decision because the dose timing changes.

How to actually get a supply during the shortage

Frequently asked questions

What can I take instead of propranolol in the UK?

For most people the direct option is immediate-release propranolol tablets (40mg, 80mg), which are not affected by the shortage. If propranolol cannot be used at all, a clinician may consider another beta-blocker such as atenolol, bisoprolol or metoprolol — but the choice depends on why propranolol was prescribed. Only a prescriber can decide.

Is bisoprolol the same as propranolol?

They are both beta-blockers but they are not the same medicine. Propranolol is non-selective (acts on receptors throughout the body, including the brain). Bisoprolol is cardio-selective (acts mainly on the heart), so it is generally preferred for heart conditions and hypertension, and is not the usual choice for anxiety symptoms or migraine prevention.

What is the best alternative to propranolol for anxiety?

There is no single "best" alternative — propranolol is used for the physical symptoms of anxiety (rapid heart rate, tremor) rather than as a long-term anxiety treatment. If propranolol cannot be used, a clinician may consider another beta-blocker short-term, or NHS-recommended longer-term options such as CBT or an SSRI. A GP or mental-health team will make this decision.

What is the best alternative to propranolol for migraine prevention?

NICE CG150 lists propranolol as a first-line preventer alongside topiramate. If propranolol is not suitable, a prescriber may consider topiramate or amitriptyline. Newer CGRP-targeted treatments are specialist-initiated. The decision belongs to your GP or headache specialist.

Can I switch from MR capsules to immediate-release tablets myself?

No — this change must be made by a prescriber. MR capsules are taken once a day; immediate-release tablets are taken two or three times a day, so the dose and the timing change. Under the DHSC supply notification, your GP or pharmacist has a clear pathway to make this switch.

Are atenolol, bisoprolol and metoprolol all in shortage too?

As of 28 May 2026, no DHSC Medicine Supply Notification or Serious Shortage Protocol is in force in the UK for atenolol, bisoprolol or metoprolol. That can change. MediWatch monitors the live DHSC and CPE lists daily.

Should I stop taking propranolol if I can't get my MR capsule?

No, do not stop suddenly. Stopping a beta-blocker abruptly can cause your heart rate and blood pressure to rebound, and can be dangerous if you take it for angina or heart-rhythm problems. Contact your GP or pharmacy as soon as possible so they can arrange a switch to immediate-release tablets or another suitable option.

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Sources: BNF — Propranolol hydrochloride · NICE NG136 — Hypertension in adults · NICE CG150 — Headaches in over 12s · DHSC / CPE MSN/2025/059 · NHS SPS — Propranolol · NHS — About propranolol
Page last updated: 28 May 2026. This page is information, not medical advice — always speak to your GP, pharmacist or specialist team about your own medicines.